Method of and apparatus for waving hair



June 14, 1949. A. E. BRoNsoN AE1-Au. 2,473,135

METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR Filed Jan. 8. 1943 2Sheets-*Sheet 1 l 9 INVENTORS Fha-2 aJ y AoaBEErEeOA/soy BY fo/wmp .S.SPsrH *mM-IMS' June 14, 1949. A, E. BRoNsoN ETAL 2,473,135

METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIR Filed Jan. 8, 1943 2lShebs-Sheer, 2

INVENTORS ,40a @ser E Bem/50N F7514 BY fama/aa 5, `5795774 Hwa, f- /MATTORNEYS Patented June 14, 1949 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HAIRAdelbert E. Bronson, Shaker Heights, and Leonard S. Speth, Cleveland,Ohio, assgnors to Adelbert E. Bronson, Jr.

Application January 8, 1943, Serial No. 471,694

9 Claims. 1

This invention relates to the waving of hair upon the human head andmore particularly to an improved method and apparatus for producing aso-called permanent wave. This application is in part a continuation ofour earlier and now abandoned application Serial No. 405,774, led August7, 1941.

An object of this invention is to provide a novel method by whichpermanent waves having a desired softness and lustre can be given morequickly than heretofore and with greater safety and comfort for thepatron, and which can be carried out by means of relatively simple andinexpensive apparatus utilizing stored heat and coniined steam.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a new andimproved method of waving hair to produce a so-called permanent wavewherein the wound strand of hair, with a suitable waving solution, isenclosed within a heat-insulated housing or enclosure containing aheating element and such element is quickly raised to the desiredtemperature by electric heating whereupon the electric heating isdiscontinued and the waving operation is thereafter carried out orcontinued by the heat retained in the heating element and the insulatedenclosure.

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel method ofgiving permanent waves in which a suiiicient amount of heat iselectrically 30V supplied within a very brief time interval to a heatinsulated enclosure containing a tensioned strand of hair and a suitablewaving solution, to cause the solution to be substantially immediatelyconverted into steam, and discontinuing the electric heating andcompleting the waving operation with the heat retained in the insulatedenclosure and with said steam substantially confined in the enclosure.

Another object of this invention is the provision oi simple, inexpensiveand reliable equipment. for practicing the present method.

Still another object of the invention is to provide novel hair wavingapparatus including a heat-insulated and steam-retaining enclosureadapted to receive a tensioned strand of hair with a suitable wavingsolution, and also embodying means for electrically charging theenclosure within a very brief predetermined time interval withsufficient heat to convert the solution into 50l steam and to completethe waving operation.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent, tothose skilled in the art to which the invention relates, from thefollowing description of the preferred method and appara- 55 adjacentthe scalp,

tus for carrying out the same described with reference to theaccompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective View showing one form of our improved hairwaving apparatus with the heat-insulated enclosure in assembled relationand with a strand of Croquignole-wound hair therein being wavedaccording to the present method;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional View taken through the assembly asindicated by section line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken through the assembly asindicated by section line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a plan View of the clamp showing the same opened;

Fig. 5 is an end view of the clamp;

Fig. 6 is a plan view looking into the housing and showing the same withthe heating element removed;

Fig. 7 isran end View of the housing with portions thereof broken away;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view oi the heating ele- "ment removed from thehousing;

Fig. 9 is a detached view showing one of the retaining springs for theheating element;

Fig. 10 is a detached view showing one of the bars of the clampdisassembled and with portions broken away;

Fig. 11 is an end view of the current supply plug or connector;

Fig. 12 is an elevation showing other waving apparatus for carrying outour method and in which the heat is supplied inductively;

Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view taken through such apparatus;

Fig. 14 is a transverse sectional view taken on line lil-I4 of Fig. 13;and

Fig. 15 is another transverse sectional View taken on line I5-I 5 ofFig. 13.

Our hair waving method and apparatus hereinafter described in detail isapplicable to both Croquignole waving and spiral" waving. The apparatusshown in Figs. 1 to 11 inclusive of the drawings is especially suitablefor waving hair according to the so-called Croquignole method, thedistinguishing characteristic of Whichis the fact that the hair isdivided into flat strands which are wound from their free ends towardthe scalp upon suitable curlers. Fig. 1 shows our improved wavingapparatus applied to such a flat strand I0. This apparatus comprises, ingeneral, a clamp II adapted to be supplied to the strand and a housingl2 adapted t9 cooperate with the clamp to form a heatinsulated andsteam-retaining enclosure for the wound strand and which housingcontains an electric heating element I3. As will -be described more indetail hereinafter, the heating element I3 is supplied with heatingcurrent for only a relatively short interval of time., The current ispreferably a low voltage-high amperage current which quickly brings theheating element to the desired temperature, whereupon the current supplyis discontinued and the Waving operation is carried out or continuedwith the retained' heat.

In carrying out our improved method with waving apparatus such as thatdisclosed in Figs. 1. to 11 inclusive, the hair is of the flat strandsIS! and one of the clamps I I is applied to each such strand adjacentthe scalp. A suitable curler, such as the curler Id'showrr in thisinstance, is applied to the end of eachstrand and the strand woundthereon by a Winding operation which brings the curler adjacent theclamp. The'curleris then placed on or connected' with the clamp andthewound strand is tensioned. or stretched. A suitable waving solution ispreferably applied directly to the strand either during` or after thewinding applied in any manner known in the art. waving solutiondistributes itself throughout the wound strand and' clings to theindividualiY hairs more or less in the formof a. relatively thin.surrounding lm which canbe quickly converted into steam. The housingsclamps, which also serve as covers ofrelatively low heat conductivity,so-that each.housing,co.op erates with its clamp to form an enclosurefor thewound strand and whichenclosure is su'iciently tight tosubstantially confine and retain the.

steam which is generated, therein by vapori'zation of the Wavingsolution.

A suitable current supply plug. or connector member I is then applied toone of the. assemblies heating current to the element I3, fortheinterval of time. necessary to bringy this element to the desiredtemperature, whereupon the. connector member is removed from the,assembly. and shifted to the next assembly. The charging, intervalduring which the heating current issupplied to the element I 3 may belfrom veto fifteen seconds but should not exceed thirty seconds. The,time interval can be variedand canbe greater than fteen seconds or lessthan five secondsdepend. ing upon the electrical characteristics of thecurrent and the requirementsof. the particular kind of hair beingtreated. During this brief charging interval the temperature, of` theelement I 3;v is quickly raised to a relatively highvalue which' may beon the order of ve or sixhundred degrees Fahrenheit and the wavingsolution, which as mentioned above is distributed through the .Woundstrand and is more or less in the form of a lm. clinging to theindividual hairs, is quickly converted or flashed into steam. Thequantity or charge of heat thus suppliedto thefheating element and theassembly containing this element is preferably in excessof thatrequiredto quickly convert the Waving solution` into steam so` that even thoughsome heat. is slowly dissipatedfroml the assemblyy by radiationandconductionthere will be suiicient heat. to maintain the solution inthe form of steam for av period of time long enough to complete the,Waving operation. Ala though the temperature Within the assembly is:

quickly raised to a relatively. highv degree, asjust explained, the heatinsulating properties ofthel` divided l into va. plurality:y

thereof, although it may bev Thev I2 are applied; to, the.

thus, formed so as, to supply. an electric the clamp. Portions of.relative to the; trunnion assembly are such that the exterior thereofremains relatively cool permitting the assembly to be handled and usedwithout danger or discomfort to either the operator or patron.

When the connector member I5 is removed from the assembly, the housingI2 is left connected to theclamp II so as to retain theheat and steam inthe assembly and the Waving operation is carried out or continued withthe charge of heat which was supplied during the brief charginginterval. The housing may be left closed for a period of a few minutesor several minutes, depending upon the requirements of the hair beingtreated. During this period, or for a substantial portion thereof, theheat charge maintains the solution-.intheiorm of steam and since thesteam is conned in the assembly the Wound and stretched hair ismaintained quite damp or wet duringthe entire operation. We have foundthat a very satisfactory permanent wave can thus be imparted to. thehair which retains a life-like softness and lustre in contrast to. thevdull, dry. and brittle. condition of the waves produced by manyY of theusual methods employed, in which. heat is supplied continuously and thewrapping applied to the wound hair permits the escapeof steam and theconsequent loss ofthe wavingsoliny stance such as a molded electricallyinsulating.

material of suitable-compositionv and may have grooves therein intowhich the ends of the metal inserts IIa and. Ia may extend. The ends ofbayonet slots I,8c formed` the insert I8a may have therein. in whichpins 2I engage for hingedly` con.-

necting the ends of the insert with the links- I9` and 2&1. One end ofthe insert I'Ia may also have such a bayonet slot Ic therein whichreceives one of the pins 2I- to form a hinged connection: between thisinsert and the link I9. The other. end ofthe insert I Ia may have arecess 22 therein adapted to receive .thelatch portion 230i the lock ingmember 24 which is pivotally mounted inthe groove of the link 20.

In additionto providing hingeconnectionslbetween the bars I1, I8 andlthe end links i9, 20'the. I8c and the pins 2 I-extend-y ing transverselyofthe slotsfof theend-links/also.- provide a means for easilyassemblingthe parts of.` the rubber coverings I'lb` bayonet slots I'Icand and Ib normally overlie and close the bayonet slots but can bedistorted or shiftedon the inserts. I 7a and Illa to uncover thel slotsto permit the insertion or removal of the pins ZI. can be readilyinserted into or removed fromthe bayonet slots whenA the bars are swunginto sub.- stantial alignment withthe end links.

Theend links IS and20 have projecting brackets Ita and 2Go formedthereon adapted to supiportA the curler Ill! which, in this instance, isin the .form of a mandrel Ida having trunnions I-b and I 4c at the outerends may be hinged to the mandrel Ida, to cooperate with the latter inclamping the end of the strand of hair. The trunnion Ib may be ofrectangular form so asto hold;the mandrel against unwind'-v ing whenthis trunnion is engaged in a similarly shaped recess ISb of the bracketIlia. The-mandrelv Ia may be rotatable in one direction. only` Idb: -tofacilitate the I9 and thereon. The end` links. I 9.

These I pins-4 thereof. A clip Idd.

5 tightening and stretching of the wound strand of hair after the curlerhas been mounted in the brackets lila and 20a. The round trunnion I4cmay be integral with the mandrel I4a and is adapted to be rotated in therecess of the bracket 20a by the application of a suitable tool to theslot Ide. The recess 2Gb of the bracket 20a, may be of rectangular shapeso that it will acommodate the trunnion Ilh if it should be desirable toreverse the position of the curler relative to the clamp.

The housing I2 may be molded o1' otherwise formed from a suitableelectrically insulating material or composition which is preferablyal-so a poor heat conductor and, as shown in the drawing, may be anelongated box-like structure which is open on one side thereof. Thehousing is of a size and shape such that it will readily receive thecurler I4 with the strand of hair wound thereon and such 'that the clampII will form a more o-r less steam-tight cover or closure for the openside of the housing when the housing is connected to the clamp as shownin Fig. 1. The housing may be connected with the clamp by any suitablemeans such as the releasable spring latch members 25 mounted on the endsof the housing.

The heating element I3 may comprise an elongated metal shell |30, ofchannel-like crosssectional shape and a heating coil or resistance wireI3b extending along the bottom of the channel recess. The metal shellmay be formed of doubled sheet metal bent to the desired shape withportions of the two thicknesses spaced apart to provide a longitudinalchamber or recess |3c in which the coil I3b is disposed. This shell ispreferably made of a metal or alloy having a high heat conductivity,such a-s copper, silver or aluminum, so that the heat charge will beabsorbed quickly from the coil I3b` and will be quickly delivered to thehair and waving solution. The ends of the heating coil may be connectedto ears 26 and when the element is assembled in the housing I2, threadedopenings provided in these ears are engaged by screws 21 which extendthrough the walls of the housing. The heads of the screws 21 providecontacts or terminals accessible from the exterior of the housing towhich the connector member I5 can be applied for supplying electricheating current to the element I3. As shown in Fig. 3, the heatingelement I3 is arranged in the housing I2 opposite the open side thereofso that when the housing is applied to the clamp I I, the channel recesswill snugly receive the curler with the wound strand of hair thereon butpreferably without having the wound hair in actual contact with theheating element. The tops of the side portions of the shell of theheating element may be deflected outwardly to form the beveled sectionsor inclined flanges ld whose free edges lie against or adjacent thewalls of the housing when the heating element is assembled therein.

It i-s very important to retard the transfer of heat from the element i3to the housing I2, and therefore we arrange the element in the housingso that it will, with the exception of the edges of the flanges I3d, beseparated from the bottom and side walls thereof by an interveningheatinsulating air space 28. To maintain this air space we support theelement I3 on shouldered lugs 29 which are located on the bottom wall ofthe housing adjacent the ends thereof and are engaged by the ends of theelement. We may also provide the side walls of the housing with lugs orribs 30, the tops of which are engaged by the inclined flanges I3d toprevent transverse rocking or lateral shifting of the element in thehousing. The element may be held in the housing and against the lugs 29and 30 thereof by springs 3| which assume an inwardly bowed position atthe ends of the element when they are assembled in the hou-sing. Thesesprings have retaining ears Sla which extend into the channel recess ofthe heating element. The fact that the brackets Illa and 20a, and theend links I9 and 2@ of the clamp are made of a non-metallic substancewill also retard the transfer of heat from the curler I4, and the softrubber sleeves I1b and IBD of the bars I1 and iB will act as gaskets informing a steam-tight seal between the housing and Clamp.

Electric heating current of the desired lowvoltage and high-amperagecharacteristics may be supplied to the element I3 by any suitable meanssuch as the apparatus Shown in Fig. 1 and which includes a connector orplug I5 adapted to be applied to the housing I2 of each assembly. Thisconnector has a pair of arms 32 adapted to be spread apart to engageover the terminal screws 21 by pressure applied to a pair of buttons 33,and to resiliently grip these screws when the buttons are released. Thearms 32 may carry flexible contacts 34 connected with a pair of loadconductors 35 through which the heating current is supplied to theterminal screws 21 when the connector is applied to the assembly asshown in Fig. 1.

The current supply means may also include a combined timer andtransformer unit 38 which may be located at any convenient point andwith which the connector I5 is connected by the ilexible cable 38a. Theunit 38 may be connected with the usual A. C. lighting circuit by theconductor cord 33h and may contain a suitable transformer Sta and asuitable time switch 39h. This time switch can be manually set for thedesired time interval during which current is to be supplied to theelement i3. A push button switch 36 embodied in the connector i5 isconnected with the time switch 395D of the unit Si! by a pair ofconductors 31 so that when this push button switch is actuated, currentwill be sup plied to the heating element i3 through the load conductors35 and under the control of the time switch. When the desired intervalfor charging the assembly with heat has elapsed, the time switchinterrupts the circuit and the heating current is cut off until the pushbutton switch i te is again actuated.

In Figs. l2 to 15 inclusive we show other apparatus for carrying out ourhair waving method and which is especially applicable to spiral wavingwherein a generally round strand of hair is wound spirally on thecurler. As will be presently explained more in detail, the spirallywound strand is enclosed in a non-metallic heatinsulated housing, with asuitable waving solution, and a metal heating element in the housing isthen heated inductively to quickly bring the temperature thereof to adesired value, whereupon the inductive heating is discontinued and thewaving operation is -continued or completed with the retained heat andthe coni-ined steam produced by vaporization of the waving solution.

As shown in Figs. 12 to l5 inclusive, such other apparatus includes anelongated tubular housing 4i) composed of cooperating non-metallichousing members or sections 4I and d2. The housing member 42 may lbeclosed at its outer end by transverse end Wal142a, and at its innerVenclv may have a sleeve portion 42h within which the end oi .thehousing member 42 frictionally engages for holding the two housingmembers in connected or assembled relation. Thisapparatus also Yincludesa suitable curler 43 on which the strand .of hair 44 may be spirallywound, as shown in Fig. 13. The curler 43 may be of a well known type onwhich the spirally wound strand 44 can lbe tightened and stretched afterthe strand has been tied thereon by the strings 45 Aand-46.

The curler 43 with the strand of hair wound thereon is arranged in thehousing 40 to extend axially or longitudinally thereof and `may besupported in the housing by providing the housing members il and 42 withsuitably recessed portions da and 42e in which the ends of the oiulersupportingly engage. To accommodate the 4strand 44 the housing member 4lmay be provided with a slot d? through which the strand extends `whenthe curler is in assembled position inthe housing 40.

As in the case of the waving apparatus disclosed in Figs. 1 to 11inclusive and above clescribed, it is important to insulate the housing40'againstrthe loss of heat, and for this purpose we provide aheat-insulating air space i6 which surrounds the hair strand and curler.This air space Amay be formed by mounting a sleeve 49 in the housingmember l2 in spaced relation to the wall thereof, as shown in Fig. 13.This sleeve may be supported in the housing member 42 by an annularshoulder 50 formed on the end wall 42a and by an internal flange 5ilocated adjacent the sleeve portion 42h, and may be retained in thehousing member in any suitable way, as by a press nt with such shoulderand ange.

As mentioned above, the housing members 4l and 42 are of non-metallicconstruction and may be molded or otherwise formed from a suitableplastic or other non-metallic composition of relatively low heatconductivity. The main purpose in making the housing sectionsnonmetallic is to enable the hair strand to be heated by heat suppliedinductively to a heating element contained in the housing without alsocausing heating of the housing. Such heating lelement may be provided inthe housing 40 by using a metal curler for the curler 43, or by using ametal sleeve for the sleeve lle. If it should be desirable to supplyheat to the strand 44 both internally and externally, then both thecurler 43 and the sleeve 49 would be made of metal. If heat is to .besupplied to the strand internally only, the curler 43 would be made ofmetal and the sleeve 49 would be made of a plastic or other nonmetalliccomposition. On the other hand, if heat is to be supplied to the strandexternally only, then the curler 43 would be made of plastic or othernon-metallic composition and the sleeve 4S would be made of metal.

The inductive heating .of the metal heating element or elements in thehousing 48 maybe accomplished by bringing a suitable wire coil or helix52 into temporary surrounding relation to the housing All, as shown inFig."12, and passing a high-frequency electric current through the coil.The coil 52 may be provided with an insulating handle 53 by which thecoil can be conveniently moved into and out of surrounding relation tothe housing 40. The ends `of the coil 52 may extend into the handle 53for connection with a conductor ,cord .54 by which the coil may beconnected Vvwith a `suitable high-freduency transformer.

In carrying out our method with the Waving apparatus illustrated inFigs. 12 to 15 inclusive, a number of strands of hair are Wound on thecurlers 43 and enclosed in the individual housings 4t -With suitablewaving solution. When a desired number of such assemblies have beenprepared, the coil 52 is energized from the transformerrand is appliedto the assemblies in succession in the manner shown in Fig. l2. The coil52 need remain in surrounding relation to each .assembly for an intervalof time which does not exceed seconds, and which in some instances maybeonly -a few seconds or a fraction of `a second. During this interval theassembly is charged with the amount of heat needed to complete theWaving operation, and the temperature in the assembly is quickly raisedto a relatively high -value which quickly causes the waving solution tobe flashed or vaporized into steam and maintained in the form of steamfor a long enough period to complete the waving of the strand. Thehousings are not opened immediately after the removal of the coil 52,but are left closed for a desired period of time during which the wavingoperation is continued-or completed by the heat and steam retained inthe assembly.

As is -usual in the spiral Winding of strands of hair, a soft rubberinsulating pad 55 and la suitable -clamp 56 may be applied to the hairstrand at a point adjacent the scalp prior Vto the winding of the strandon the curler 43. The pad iimay have Van opening Vtherethrough vto acucommodatethe'strand 44, and-the clamp 56 may have -a bracket-likeportion 56a thereon for supporting engagement with the housing 40. Areversely extending tongue .56h may be formed on "l the bracket-56a tooverlie the slot 4l' to substantially close the latter and prevent theescape of steam `from the assembly.

Although we have stated that our method, as disclosed in connection Withthe form of apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 11 inclusive, is especiallyapplicable toCroquignole" Waving, it will be .understood that thismethod is also readily applicable to spiral Waving. On the other hand,we have stated that our method, as disclosed in connection with the formof apparatus shown in Figs. 12 to 15 inclusive, is especially applicableto spiral" waving, but it will be understood that this method is alsoapplicable 4to Croquignole waving.

From the vforegoing description and the accompanying drawingit will nowbe readily understood that we have provided an improved hair wavingmethod which can be carried out with a smaller amountof equipmentthanhas heretoforebeen needed 4and which does not require .the customertoberconnected up toa Waving machine during the treatment of the hair.With our methodand apparatus a permanent wave having a Vdesired softnessand lustre can be given more quickly because after the strands of hairhave been vwound and placed in the enclosure assemblies, itis onlynecessary to apply the electrical .connector or .coil to each assemblyfor a few seconds to bring` the heating element to the desiredtemperature. Furthermore, the heat used during the waving operation iscontained Within the heat-insulatedassemblies which remain Vrelativelycool on their .exterior and the customer is not. subjected to thediscomfort-heretofore eX- 9 perienced from radiated heat when exposed orexternal heaters have been used.

While we have illustrated and described the improved permanent wavingmethod and apparatus of our invention in a more or less Idetailedmanner, it will be understood, of course, that we do not wish to belimited to the particular operations and apparatus herein disclosed, butregard our invention as including such changes and modifications as donot constitute a departure from the spirit of the invention and thescope of the appended claims.

Having thus described our invention, we claim:

1. The method of permanently waving hair which comprises winding andtensioning a strand of hair on a curler, enclosing the wound strand ofhair with a suitable hair waving solution in a heat-insulatedsteam-retaining assembly which also contains a heating element,supplying heatproducing energy to sairrl heating element at a rate toQuickly raise the temperature of the heating element suciently tosubstantially immediately convert said solution into steam, anddiscontinuing the supply of energy to said heating element andcontinuing the waving process with the heat retained within saidinsulated assembly and with said steam conned therein.

2. The method of waving hair, which comprises enclosing a wound andtensioned strand of hair in a heat-insulated steam-retaining enclosuretogether with a suitable waving solution and an electric heating elementof the resistance type, temporarily connecting said element with asource of relatively low voltage-high amperage heating current so as toquickly supply the assembly with a charge of heat and substantiallyimmediately convert the solution into steam, and continuing the wavingoperation with the retained heat and confined steam after disconnectingthe element from said source.

3. The method of waving hair comprising separating the hair int-ostrands and applying clamps to the strands at a point adjacent thescalp, winding and tensioning the strands on curlers, en-

closing each wound strand in a heat-insulated f steam-retainingenclosure together with a suitable waving solution and a heating elementadapted to be heated by electrical energyl applying a connector memberto and removing the same from the enclosures in succession so as totemporarily connect each heating element with a source of electricalenergy for a brief interval to supply each enclosure with a charge ofheat sufficient to quickly convert said solution into steam and tomaintain the solution in the form of steam long enough to complete thewaving operation, and continuing the waving operation after the removalof the connector member and with the heat and steam retained in theenclosures.

4. The method of waving hair comprising separating the hair into strandsand applying clamps to the strands at a point adjacent the scalp,winding and tensioning the strands on curlers, enclosing each woundstrand in a heat-insulated steam-retaining enclosure together with asuitable waving solution and a resistance-type electric heating elementhaving terminals accessible from the outside of the enclosure, applyinga connector member to and removing the same from the enclosures insuccession so as to temporarily connect each heating element with asource of relatively low voltage-high amperage heating current for abrief interval to supply each enclosure with a charge of heat sufficientto 10 quickly convert said solution intosteam and to maintain thesolution in the form of steam long enough to complete the wavingoperation, and continuing the waving operation after the removal of theconnector member and with the heat and steam retained in the enclosures.

- 5. The method of waving hair which comprises enclosing a wound andtensioned strand of hair in a non-metallic steam-retaining enclosuretogether with a waving solution and a metallic heating element,inductively supplying heat-'producing energy to said heating element ata rate to bring said element to a desired temperature and to convertsaid solution into steam within a brief interval, and discontinuing thesupply of such energy and continuing the waving operation with the heatand steam retained in the enclosure.

6. In hair waving apparatus, a clamp adapted to be applied to a strandof hair, a curler for winding the strand, a housing adapted to beconnected to said clamp to form therewith a steamretaining enclosure forthe wound strand, an electric heating element mounted in the housing andlocated in said enclosure with heat-insulating air space between theelement and the housing walls, and means for temporarily connecting saidelement with a source of heating current including a connector memberadapted to be detachably applied to said terminals.

'7. In hair waving apparatus, a clamp adapted to be applied to a strandof hair, a curler for winding the strand, a housing adapted to beconnected to said clamp to form therewith a steam-retaining enclosurefor the wound strand, an electric heating element mounted in the housingand located in said enclosure with heatinsulating air space between theelement and the housing walls, and means for temporarily connecting saidelement with a source of heating current including a connector memberadapted to be detachably applied to said terminals, said element havinga metal shell forming a body for retaining heat after the element hasbeen disconnected from said current source.

8. In hair waving apparatus, a clamp adapted to be applied to a strandof hair, a housing having side and end walls but being open on one sidethereof, a curler for Winding said strand, means for connecting saidhousing with said clamp so that the latter forms a closure for said openside, a heating element disposed in said housing opposite said open sideand having terminals accessible from the outside of the housing,

i said heating element being insulated from the housing by air space andbeing transversely curved to receive the wound strand therein, and meansfor temporarily connecting said element with a source of heating currentincluding a connector adapted to be detachably applied to saidterminals.

9. In hair waving apparatus, a pair of cooperating housing and covermembers adapted to form an enclosure for a wound strand of hair, saidcover having means thereon for supporting the wound strand, and atransversely curved electric heating element of the resistance typemounted in said housing member so as to receive the wound strand whenthe cover member is applied to the housing member, said heating elementhaving terminal connections accessible .from the outside of theenclosure.

ADELBERT E. BRONSON. LEONARD S. SPETI-I.

(References on following page) REFERENCES CITED The folluwingreferenlcesare of recordin the le of this patent-2.

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Freudenberg Jan. 6, 1942 SlaviekDec. 12, 1933 Tobald Feb. 11, 1936 schwab Aug. 4,1936 10 Lin Aug. 25,1936 Number Number

